Defining Manhood Through Gender Stereotypes - 1183 Words

â€Å"Man Up†: Defining Manhood through Gender Stereotypes in Macbeth In The Tragedy of Macbeth, Shakespeare attempts to define manhood and explore the different perceptions held towards what it means to be a man. As William Liston notes in his essay, â€Å"Man appears more than 40 times, almost always with a conscious sense of defining the term—or rather, of defining a person by the term† (232). Lady Macbeth is used as a tool to not only convey this theme, but she instigates the plot as well. Without her consistent scorn and ridicule of Macbeth and his â€Å"femininity†, he would most likely have never killed King Duncan or performed any of the other murders that occur throughout the play. Specifically speaking, the word choice of Lady Macbeth as well as her actions are what propel her husband into acting himself. Eventually, Macbeth’s overall attitude changes as a result of his wife’s ridicule. While Lady Macbeth undoubtedly spurs her husba nd into action, it is important to note that by the end of the play, she has lost what influence she had over him as well as her ability to control her own emotions. Lady Macbeth has a clear notion of how a man is supposed to act and the qualities the must possess. Throughout the course of the play, the readers/viewers discover exactly what image she has in mind. In her viewpoint, a man is one who attains his goals violently as is exemplified by her insistence that Macbeth kill King Duncan. The gap between genders is made evident in one of LadyShow MoreRelatedWorld War I, A Devastating Clash Between The Central Powers And The Allied Powers1748 Words   |  7 PagesAllied powers played a significant role in the social shift across Western countries. Lasting from 1914 to 1918, the war had social consequences that greatly affected gender roles in Europe. Women replaced men in the workforce as hordes of men left the country for war, while men faced harsh gender expectations in the batt lefield. Gender roles had existed long before the Great War, which began with the Separation of Spheres, an ideology that emerged in the Industrial revolution, prescribed distinct rolesRead More Hegemonic Masculinity in American Society Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagescritics of gender stereotypes in America describe the following five hegemonic features of masculinity: frontiersman ship, heterosexuality, occupational achievement, familial patriarchy, and physical force and control (Trujillo 4). The advent of the 20th century led to sweeping changes in American masculinity. The first half of the 19th century of the United States of America had a characteristic of masculinity described above. Masculinity was made hegemonic, by defining power in termsRead MoreGendered Violence And The White Ribbon Campaign1213 Words   |  5 Pagesoccurs because of the role expectations associated with each gender, as well as the unequal power relationships between the genders (Defining Gender-Based Violence). The more common form of this is violence against women. One campaign that is working diligently to try and eliminate this problem is the White Ribbon Campaign. The White Ribbon Campaign is a movement of boys and men working to end violence against females and promote gender equity. The campaign asks men to wear white ribbons as a pledgeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth : Women s Agency2261 Words   |  10 Pagesfirst examine the stereotypes of the Elizabethan era that effected Shakespeare’s writing. â€Å"Defining what a female was supposed to be and do was an act of Renaissance culture, as it has been for other times. For Shakespeare, as well as for most of Re naissance society, women as the feminine represented the following virtues which, importantly, have their meaning in relationship to the male; obedience, silence, sexual chastity, piety, humility, constancy, and patience. However, gender characteristicsRead MoreA Social Construction Of Fraternity Membership1340 Words   |  6 Pagesbuilding fraternal bonds of brotherhood between Black males, which creates a more Afro-centric masculinity (McGuire et al., 2014). Jackson (2012) defined brotherhood as ‘‘a social construction that creates feelings of togetherness and trust while defining a code for interactions among men’’ (p. 64) that provides a physical, psychological, and social space for men to distance themselves from typical hegemonic behavior (McGuire et al., 2014). Jackson (2012) found that this bond allowed males to shareRead MoreBlack Macho The Myth Of The Superwoman1139 Words   |  5 Pagesadaptation, integration, and lodging, African Americans t ook on white cultural attitudes and values in regard to sexuality and gender. As a result, African American men became sexist and misogynistic and African American women became self-hating. In hating African American women, African American men hated themselves. They had accepted the dominant culture’s negative stereotypes about the African race. Yes, Wallace speaks on how black men see that women are considered too domineering and need and intensiveRead MoreThe Is A Political Drama Series That Revolves Around Its Main Aspects Of An Archetypal Antihero1667 Words   |  7 Pagesof morals and manipulative ways. As the female antihero, â€Å"Olivia embodies many of the key aspects of an archetypal antihero and exemplifies this character type to great success† (Gallagher, n.d.). She has become an example of our society’s view of gender relations and sexuality in American popular culture. The scene that I chose to focus on for a current form of popular culture is from the episode, â€Å"Even the Devil Deserves a Second Chance† in Season 5. Prior to the actual scene being analyzed, OliviaRead MoreMacbeth by William Shakespeare1293 Words   |  5 Pageswill focus on the treatment of gender in â€Å"Macbeth† through focusing on the character of Lady Macbeth. It will do so by discussing three predominant themes: female dominance, gender in a general sense and role reversals. In the play, female dominance is seen through the character of Lady Macbeth; gender is highlighted through all characters, however, to help the stance of this essay it will be discussed with reference to Lady Macbeth; and role reversals are seen through the characters of Macbeth andRead MoreThe Theory Of The Glass Ceiling Metaphor Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesseeking management positions. Moreover, managers are less likely to promote women because of their social responsibility as mo thers, which ascribe the primary responsibility of family (Sabharwal, 2015). Role incongruity and the perpetuating masculine stereotype contribute to the challenges women face in leadership positions (Sabharwal, 2015). The social exclusion theory, first used in France, has also been applied to the study of the glass ceiling. Across disciplines of education, sociology, psychologyRead MoreSimone De Beauvoir : Men And Women Struggle For Primacy Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesSimone de Beauvoir: Men and Women Struggle for Primacy in Society Named â€Å"revolutionary and incendiary,† Simone de Beauvoir’s two-volume work, The Second Sex (Le Deuxià ¨me Sexe) published in France in 1949, made a significant contribution in furthering gender equality. In her work, she references the ancient world to offer historical perspective on the root of female oppression. De Beauvoir suggests a culprit for the perpetuation of Aristotelian theory: Aquinas, who adopted the Aristotelian notion of female

Eng 125 the Boy at the Window Free Essays

The boy at the window Eng 125 January 10, 2012 Poetry it is a very real thing as well as emotional. Many people use poetry to write love poems, or even about certain things like in the poem â€Å"The Boy at the window† (Richard Wilbur). In this poem it shows a lot of emotions as I will discuss in the paragraphs to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Eng 125 the Boy at the Window or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poems also are funny or scary. Poems really can be about whatever you want them to be about. He states in his audio that his five year old son was upset that his father didn’t invite the snowman in and make him comfortable. The imaginative language of this poem was very interesting. When I first went through and read the poem to myself it seemed as if he was portraying the poem to be very sad. Having a snowman melt away is a very sad thing for a child and at times they really don’t understand why they are there one day and then gone the next. When I listened to the poem in the audio version it kind of was meant as humor in parts of it. It seemed to really come to life when you could hear people laughing in the back ground and to hear how he read it. Figurative language is used in this poem as well a few times. When he states â€Å"the pale-faced figure with bitumen eyes† instead he could have said something simple like the snowman with the coal eyes. I believe this language is used in many poems to make the poems unique. I think that a poem that throws a little twist in it is something that is very interesting. Irony is also characterized in this poem. The five year old boy expects that the snowman is always going to be there but what really happens is that he melts away. This is irony because it is shows something that was expected and then something totally different occurs. I had to read the poem several times and listen to before I really understood the different elements that were in it. At least it took some time to really figure the elements that fit good to this poem. There really could be more but I think that the ones that I chose fit really well. The elements in this poem did not affect my opinion on the content of the poem. My opinion of the poem wouldn’t change no matter the element. I found it somewhat a challenge to pin point three particular elements when reading the poem because I think that there could be many. When I found one element that fit it right then I really had to think about how it worked with it and so on. I really enjoyed reading the poems and really found â€Å"The boy at the window† (Richard Wilbur) to be one that I could relate to. When I was a kid I would build snowman all the time and then wonder why they would go away. Then you got the song Frosty the snowman which actually if you listen to the lyrics they are actually pretty sad when you get thinking about it. I am now put in the same situation when building a snowman with my son and have to explain what goes on when building a snowman. References Ashford University Journey into literature Ashford University library   e-library Copyright of Computational Mathematical Methods in Medicine is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation How to cite Eng 125 the Boy at the Window, Papers

Tax Residency and Ordinary Income and Law †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Tax Residency and Ordinary Income and Law? Answer: Introducation The aim is to determine whether Kit who retains his Chilean citizenship and works abroad would be considered to be a tax resident of Australia or not. Further, the task is to comment on the income tax treatment applicable on the income (employment and investment) received by Kit during the assessment year. Section 6(1) of ITAA 1936 describes the myriad provisions related to the tax residency of individual taxpayer. Further, to determine tax residency position of taxpayer tax ruling TR 98/17 is taken into account (Barkoczy, 2017). This ruling comprises four residency tests which need to be applied on the taxpayer to check the underlying tax residency status. The taxpayer who passes at least one residency test would be recognised as Australian tax resident irrespective of the facts that the taxpayer is residing in other country or fails to pass the remaining tests. The applicability of the various residency tests is majorly dependent on the aspect that whether the taxpayer is a foreign resident or an Australia resident as apparent below (Nethercott, 2016). 1) 183-day test Foreign residents 2) Superannuation test Government employees or officials working abroad 3) Domicile test Australian residents 4) Resides test. Foreign residents To check whether a foreign resident would be designated as Australian tax resident the below highlighted tests are applied (Sadiq, 2016). 183-day test The two main conditions of this test are given below: Taxpayer must have resided in Australia for at least a period of 183 days. Taxpayers intention to permanently settle in Australia. If the taxpayer fails to fulfil any of the above conditions, then the taxpayer would not be termed as Australian tax resident. Resides test There is no statute or ruling highlighted in Australian context that can provide the actual commutation and implications of the term resides. Therefore, the respective case laws and their verdicts are considered while checking the tax residency of foreign resident. Further, the purpose of taxpayer behind the visit and stay in Australia, frequency of visits, social arrangements, presence and strength of any tie with Australia and with the foreign country is taken into account under resides test. Finally, the imperative aspect that would be noticed by the tax authorities is the nationality of the concerned taxpayer (Woellner, 2015). To check whether an employee of Australian government would be designated as Australian tax resident the below highlighted test is taken into account. Superannuation test When Australian government has sent their employee to foreign county in regards to complete the extended duties, then this test is applied to test the tax residency. The imperative condition for this test is the constant and systematic contribution of the taxpayer in any of the superannuation scheme of Australian Government. These schemes are Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme and Public Sector Superannuation Scheme (Barkoczy, 2017). To check whether an Australian resident would be designated as Australian tax resident domicile test is used. Domicile test The taxpayer who is categorised as Australian resident has resided in the foreign country, then the two main conditions of domicile test needs to be check to test the tax residency. According to the Domicile Act 1982, the taxpayer must hold Australian domicile. Permanent place of abode of taxpayer (as defined in Levene v, I.R.C. (1928) A.C.2017 case) must be on the land of Australia (Sadiq, 2016). There are certain specific factors associated with the determination of the permanent place of abode of taxpayer that are significant and highlighted in the tax ruling IT 2650 and are listed below (Sadiq, 2016). Deviation in the duration of abode between intended and actual stay in foreign country. Taxpayers activity of purchasing home in foreign country Intent on behalf of taxpayer to visit other country or to return back to Australia after a substantial but definite time Total time period of stay in foreign and the intention to stay more Action of the taxpayer that indicate that taxpayer want to shift the permanent abode from Australia Level of association (personal, educational, employment and so forth) of taxpayer with Australia. Application Chilean citizen Kit is a permanent resident (PR) of Australia. He has entered into an employment contract with a United Company and has spent most of year working off the coast of Indonesia on an oil rig. It can be seen from the above that Kit neither a foreign resident nor an employee of government. Hence, it can be concluded that 183 days test, resides test and superannuation test is not applicable. The only relevant residency test is Domicile Test because Kit is an Australian resident. Domicile Test The first condition of domicile test is satisfied by the Kit because he is a PR of Australia and hence, possesses Australian domicile. Further, it is essential to find the permanent place of abode of taxpayer during the income year. It is because if Kit has shifted his permanent place of abode from Australia, then he would not be classified as Australian tax resident. The factors related to permanent place of abode under IT 2650 is listed below (Coleman, 2016). Kit has purchased a home in Australian three years back. His family has resided in this home only even after Kit has working in coast of Indonesia. Kit and his wife have account in Australian bank. His salary is credited in this Australian bank only. Kit has either returned to Australia to meet his family or make visit to South America (Chile) during the one month off from work in every three months. After the completion of the contract, he would come back to Australia as there is not intent of taxpayer to extend the stay in Indonesia. It can be seen in the highlights of IT 2650 that taxpayer Kit does not shift his permanent place of abode from Australia and thus, his permanent place of abode is in Australia. Hence, both the conditions of domicile test is satisfied by Kit and therefore, he would be tax resident of Australia. Conclusion Kit is classified as Australian tax resident and therefore, income from all the relevant sources (foreign sources and Australian source) would liable for taxation. Hence, the salary derived from employment and dividend amount derived from various investments would be considered for tax under ordinary income concepts in the accordance of section 6-5(2) of ITAA, 1997. Investors of the company were not in the position to start the mining operation on the purchased mine. Subsequently, the land was sold to other leading mining company in the compensation of shares. The commercial value of the shares was significantly high and hence, the investors earned huge amount of profit. Court said that they purchased land on the name of mining however, they never started the mining because the concerned investors knew that they were not be able to commence the mining operation due to shortage of operating capital. Therefore, court had opined the judgement that the isolated transaction made by the investors was mainly for deriving profit. Hence, the all the derived income from the shares would be categorised under the assessable income of the investors (Sadiq, 2016). Investors of the mining company had conducted mining for several decades on the coal mine. Further, when the mine become depleted in reserves and further mining could not be feasible, then the investors decided to utilise the land. After considering all the respective aspects, they had concluded that the only efficient and feasible option was to create the mine suitable for residential use. The exhausted land could not be used for domestic purpose and hence, the necessary development works were undertaken. Investors also made houses for the ex-employees of the company. The rest of the plots were liquidated and caused huge amount of income to investors. The tax commissioner cited that mine land development and liquidation would result assessable income. The investors claimed that they would have continued the coal mining if the land was not exhausted in reserves. Court took the claim and purpose behind the development and liquidation into consideration. It extended the verdict that th e action was with the intention to use the exhausted land not with deriving profit. Therefore, non-assessable proceeds from realisation of asset would not be taxed under assessable income tax treatment (Jade, 2017). Initially the company was involved in the fishing business and purchased a land mainly for drying of nets and shacks. Further, the company was acquired by the estate development companies. The investors were looking for a beach side land and hence, developed the land which was used for drying of shacks and conducted several value addition installation and facilities to increase the overall worth. For this act, they also amended the article of association of the company. Developed beachside land was sold and caused huge profit to the investors. The honourable court cited that the land was utilized by the taxpayers for their business process. The development was to increase the total revenue and hence, the nature of the profit would assessable income (CCH, 2017a). It was decided on the part of the tax commissioner that the sale of a significant section of land was with the purpose of profit deriving and hence, the income would be assessable. However, honourable court ruled that the taxpayers subdivided the land and sold a significant section of land so that their financial problems could be resolved. Further, the land was initially used to establish a cattle business which was then closed due to insufficient business skill. Taxpayers had land sale as the only available option to get fund and hence, the action of land division and sale would be called realisation of capital asset (CCH, 2017b). Realisation of capital asset would result in capital receipts and hence, would be considered as non- assessable income of the concerned taxpayer. Casimaty who had received a small farm land from his father for farming had to liquidate the major portion of land because he took loan from bank at prime rate of interest to start farming. Moreover, very less proceeds were derived from farming and he could not repay the outstanding. This created bad effect on health of Casimaty. He needed funds to repay the loan and for treatment. Court took the decision after taking the situation of taxpayer and ruled that there was no evidence that indicate the profit driven intention of Casimaty behind the liquidation of land. Therefore, the profit would be non-assessable income resulted from realisation of capital asset (CCH, 2017c). Californian copper syndicate ltd V Harris (surveyor of tax) (1904) 5 TC 159 The land which was utilized to extract the sand was liquidated by the investors after subsequent subdivision. The claim was made by the investors that the sand mine was exhausted and hence, the option of liquidation of land was adopted. Court overruled the claim of the investor and opined that the land should be used for mining not for profit driven activities. Further, the investors has spent sizable amount for the land development. This action was clear intention of taxpayers of high revenues. Thus, the assessable income resulted from the isolated transaction would be taxed (Barkoczy, 2017). The purpose for the purchase of land was to conduct farming. However, Crow realized that market value of land was significantly high and it would be profitable if the land was sold after subsequent division. With-in a year, he made nearly 51 blocks from land and at different point of time had sold these to prospective buyers at premium prices. He was deriving significant gains from the sale as compared with the farming and hence, finally, decided to close farming occupation and to buy additional land block. Court took the systematic subdivision and selling business strategy of Crow and extended the judgement that Crow was conducting business of land subdivision and selling. The closing of farming business was the testimony of involvement of taxpayer in new business. Hence, the income would be classified as assessable income from ordinary sources (CCH, 2017d). Taxpayers took loan for the construction of new designer houses on the purchased land. The land already had some old buildings. Three houses were constructed on land. Taxpayers conducted several advertisements for the sale of the houses. Irrespective of marketing they could not get expected prices and hence, agreed to keep the houses for a year. Later on, the houses were liquidated at the expected prices. Court extended the judgement that taxpayers purchased the land with profit driven intention. Hence, the income would classify as assessable income (CCH, 2017e). References Barkoczy,S. (2017).Foundation of Taxation Law 2014(7th ed.). North Ryde: CCH Publications. CCH 2017a, FC of T v Whit fords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio549860sl16841994/federal-commissioner-of-taxation-v-whitfords-beach-pty-ltd-high-court-of-australia-17-march-1982 [Accessed May 7, 2017] CCH 2017b, Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio544343sl16788832/statham-anor-v-federal-commissioner-of-taxation-federal-court-of-australia-full-court-23-december-1988 [Accessed May 7, 2017] CCH 2017c, Casimaty v FC of T 97 ATC 5135, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio539843sl16716249/casimaty-v-fc-of-t-federal-court-of-australia-10-december-1997[Accessed May 7, 2017] CCH 2017d, Crow v FC of T 88 ATC 4620, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio545564sl16800674/crow-v-federal-commissioner-of-taxation-federal-court-of-australia-17-august-1988 [Accessed May 7, 2017] CCH 2017e, McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio539084sl16707683/mccurry-anor-v-fc-of-t-federal-court-of-australia-15-may-1998 [Accessed May 7, 2017] Coleman, C. (2016). Australian Tax Analysis (4th ed.). Sydney: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia. Jade 2017, Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR 188, Available online from https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=64663 [Accessed May 7, 2017] Nethercott, L., Richardson, G., Devos, K. (2016). Australian Taxation Study Manual 2016. (9th ed.). Sydney: Oxford University Press. Sadiq, K., Coleman, C., Hanegbi, R., Jogarajan, S., Krever, R., Obst, W., Ting, A. (2016).Principles of Taxation Law 2016 (8th ed.). Pymont: Thomson Reuters. Woellner, R. 2015, Australian taxation law 2015, 9th eds., North Ryde: CCH Australia.